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      <title>DevOps 工具链 - 交互式测验</title>
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      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>DevOps 工具链 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档中对“基础设施即代码（IaC）”的描述，Ansible和Terraform的主要区别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "Ansible用于创建云端资源（如虚拟机），而Terraform用于配置服务器内部的软件环境。",
      "Ansible被描述为“万能遥控器”，主要用于配置和管理已存在的服务器；而Terraform被比作“云端乐高”，主要用于声明式地创建和编排云基础设施。",
      "Ansible是CI/CD流水线的核心工具，Terraform则专注于日志收集。",
      "Ansible专门用于Docker容器编排，而Terraform用于Kubernetes集群管理。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中明确将Ansible比喻为“万能遥控器”，用于执行配置管理任务（如安装软件、修改配置文件），而将Terraform比喻为“云端乐高”，用于定义和创建云资源（如AWS EC2实例）。这精准地概括了两者在IaC领域中的不同定位：Ansible偏向配置管理（Configuration Management），Terraform偏向资源编排（Orchestration）。",
    "source": "文档中「二、DevOps工具链全景图」-「1. 基础设施即代码（IaC）」部分",
    "hint": "回想一下文档中为这两个工具使用的比喻：“万能遥控器”和“云端乐高”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在文档提供的Kubernetes Deployment YAML示例中，`replicas: 3`这一项配置的作用是什么？",
    "options": [
      "为应用容器分配3个CPU核心的计算资源。",
      "确保Kubernetes集群中始终运行着3个该应用的相同副本（Pod），以实现高可用和负载均衡。",
      "限制该应用最多只能被回滚到最近的3个版本。",
      "将应用的端口8080映射到节点的3个不同端口上。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "`replicas`是Kubernetes Deployment对象中的一个关键字段，它定义了所需的目标副本数量。设置为3意味着Deployment控制器将持续监控，并确保集群中总是有3个正在运行的、与模板（template）定义一致的Pod实例。如果某个Pod失败，控制器会自动创建一个新的来替代它。",
    "source": "文档中「三、容器化革命：Docker与Kubernetes」-「2. Kubernetes编排实战」部分",
    "hint": "在分布式系统中，“副本(replica)”通常与哪个概念紧密相关？可用性还是性能？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“全自动Java应用交付平台”的架构图中，Nexus扮演了什么关键角色？",
    "options": [
      "作为代码仓库，存储所有Git提交。",
      "作为监控仪表盘，展示Prometheus收集的数据。",
      "作为制品库，用于存储和管理构建产生的Docker镜像等交付产物。",
      "作为CI/CD服务器，执行构建和部署流水线。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "在DevOps流水线中，制品库（Artifact Repository）是管理二进制文件、Docker镜像、依赖包等构建产物的中心仓库。文档的“关键实现步骤”中明确提到“制品管理：Nexus存储Docker镜像”，这说明Nexus在此架构中的核心职责是作为Docker镜像的存储和分发中心。",
    "source": "文档中「五、实战：全自动Java应用交付平台」-「关键实现步骤」部分",
    "hint": "在`GitLab → Jenkins → Nexus → ...`这个流程中，Jenkins构建完成后，产物需要一个地方存放，这个地方是哪里？"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档中的Jenkins流水线（pipeline）示例，'部署'（stage('部署')）阶段执行了什么具体操作？",
    "options": [
      "运行 `mvn clean package` 命令来打包应用。",
      "并行执行单元测试和集成测试。",
      "通过调用 `ansiblePlaybook` 函数来执行一个Ansible剧本，从而完成应用部署。",
      "使用`kubectl apply`命令直接与Kubernetes集群交互。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "在提供的Groovy脚本示例中，`stage('部署')`的`steps`块内明确调用了`ansiblePlaybook(playbook: 'deploy.yml', ...)`。这表明该流水线在部署阶段是借助Ansible来完成的，利用Ansible的自动化能力将应用部署到目标环境。",
    "source": "文档中「二、DevOps工具链全景图」-「2. CI/CD流水线」部分",
    "hint": "请仔细查看Jenkins pipeline代码中 `stage('部署')` 内部的 `steps` 定义。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中提到了多种安全加固方案，其中哪一项是专门用于检查容器镜像是否存在已知漏洞的？",
    "options": [
      "使用HashiCorp Vault管理密钥。",
      "集成Trivy到CI流程中进行镜像扫描。",
      "配置Calico网络策略实现零信任网络。",
      "使用SonarQube进行静态代码分析。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档的“安全加固方案”一节中，明确列出了“镜像扫描：Trivy集成到CI流程”。Trivy是一款开源的容器镜像漏洞扫描工具，可以集成到CI/CD流水线中，在镜像推送到仓库前自动发现其中的安全漏洞，从而防止有风险的镜像被部署到生产环境。",
    "source": "文档中「六、进阶技巧与避坑指南」-「2. 安全加固方案」部分",
    "hint": "寻找与“镜像扫描”这个关键词直接关联的工具名称。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“智能监控与日志分析”部分，Prometheus是如何配置来抓取Java应用指标的？",
    "options": [
      "通过Logback的appender将指标直接推送到Prometheus。",
      "监听Kubernetes的事件流（events）来间接获取应用状态。",
      "通过定义一个`job_name`，并指定应用的metrics端点路径（`/actuator/prometheus`）和目标地址。",
      "在Java应用中嵌入一个ELK客户端，将指标数据发送到Logstash。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "Prometheus采用拉（pull）模型来采集监控数据。文档中的YAML配置清晰地展示了这一点：它定义了一个名为`java_app`的作业（job），告诉Prometheus去指定的`targets`（如`app-server:8080`）的`/actuator/prometheus`路径上拉取指标数据。这是Spring Boot Actuator与Prometheus集成的标准方式。",
    "source": "文档中「四、智能监控与日志分析」-「1. Prometheus监控体系」部分",
    "hint": "文档提供了一段Prometheus的YAML配置文件，其中包含了采集目标和路径等关键信息。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档将运维发展比作工厂的变迁，其中“智能工厂”阶段对应了哪些技术的组合？",
    "options": [
      "工人手动配置服务器（vim /etc/config）。",
      "使用Shell脚本实现基础的自动化流水线。",
      "结合使用机器人（Ansible）、物联网（监控系统）和中央控制系统（K8s）。",
      "仅使用Jenkins进行持续集成。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档开篇的比喻非常形象：手工时代是手动操作；流水线时代是脚本自动化；而“智能工厂”则是一个更高级的形态，它整合了自动化工具（如Ansible）、全面的监控体系（物联网的类比）以及强大的编排平台（如Kubernetes作为中央控制系统），实现了高效、智能的现代化运维。",
    "source": "文档中「一、从手工作坊到智能工厂：运维演进史」部分",
    "hint": "“智能工厂”是运维演进的最高阶段，它代表了多种先进技术的协同工作。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
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        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
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          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
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            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

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            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
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            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
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        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
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            }
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                // 高亮正确答案
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                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
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                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
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        function showFinalScore() {
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            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  